Bee Species Range
Regarding 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was indeed stuck inside Calanques National Park through one another net and you will dish pitfall choices. It belonged so you can half a dozen family and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae is the essential types-steeped family relations, followed closely by Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, forty two, and 43 varieties, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 try the brand new richest genus, having 33 types, whereas 7 genera was depicted by just one variety (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step one [on the web simply] ). Making use of the jackknife step 1 https://datingranking.net/buddygays-review/ and 2 indexes, the complete bee types richness is estimated to be anywhere between ± nine.89 and you may ± . The new observed richness ergo represented 71.step 3 to help you 79.6% of your own estimated bee fullness ( Desk 2). The newest Chao1 method projected this new seen fullness is 76.8% of possible maximum richness ( Desk dos). The quintessential plentiful species are Apis mellifera L. (276 individuals), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 people, respectively), and you may Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anybody). In the long run, 50 species (26%) was basically illustrated by the only one private (singletons).
Ecological Characteristics away from Bees
Regarding your environmental faculties of nesting tastes, i identified 59 single bee species nesting over surface, 92 unmarried bee variety nesting below ground and you will 23 cleptoparasitic species, corresponding to 31.seven, 47.9, and you may several.0% of the complete bee varieties fullness, correspondingly. We recognized five social varieties (bumble bees and honey bees-dos.1%). In the end, the fresh nesting preferences from fourteen kinds remain unknown (seven.3%- Supp Dining table step 1 [on the internet only] ). Regarding the flowery diet regarding bee variety, we found that 105 variety (54.7%) foraged for the an array of plant varieties (i.e., generalist varieties, polylectic) and you may 51 species (26.5%) foraged on one plant friends or that/couples plant varieties (we.e., professional types, oligolectic). Into kept thirty-six bee species (18.8%), the fresh flowery diet plan wasn’t recognized (elizabeth.grams., to possess cleptoparasitic types). But not, extremely generalist variety displayed an inclination for 1 otherwise several bush parents ( Supp Dining table step 1 [online only] ). For the forty two singletons, fourteen bee varieties (28%) had been specialist, and you may nine bee variety (18%) was basically cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [on the internet merely] ).
An IUCN position was designed for 178 species (leaving out brand new varieties buildings and you can unknown species). Some of those, 47 types were categorized as data deficient (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 varieties had been the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half dozen types was indeed close endangered (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one types is actually experienced threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table step 1 [online simply] ). About three oligolectic kinds have been one of several seven endangered bee types. A good. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus was specialist to your Fabaceae, D. argentata try a specialist for the Caprifoliaceae.
Out-of 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact caught in Calanques National Playground. It belonged to twenty four genera ( Supp Desk 2 [online just] ). The most plentiful genera was indeed Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen people), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen some body), while 20 species (53%) was in fact portrayed from the one private ( Supp Table dos [on line just] ). The fresh new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) have been illustrated from the 20 species, and four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step three [on the internet only] ). The newest quote of overall species fullness regarding hover flies and you will bee flies was ranging from 83 and 97 kinds utilising the jackknife step one and 2 spiders, correspondingly. For that reason, this new observed richness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of your projected hover travel and you will bee fly richness ( Desk dos).