- Model step 1: adjusted having intercourse and you can decades. Model 2: adjusted for gender, years, top, training top, economic reputation, physical activity.
- Design step one: modified to have sex and many years. Design 2: modified for sex, years, level, knowledge level, monetary updates, physical activity. Crude Or even for myopia and you will higher myopia are 0.87 (0.81–0.92) and 0.88 (0.80–0.98).
- Design step one: adjusted getting gender and you can ages. Model dos: adjusted to possess sex, age, peak, degree top, economic updates, physical activity.
- PA, exercise; CI, depend on interval.
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006). This association is also seen in two other findings in this study: the risk for myopia daten met kik was decreased by 10% per hour increase in sleep (p = 0.012), and the refractive error was increased by 0.1 D per 1 hr increase in sleep (p = 0.004). Findings in our study are consistent with a previous study in which children with <7 hr of sleep have 3.37 times more risk for myopia than those with > 9 hr of sleep, in a randomly selected group of children from 19 schools (Gong et al. 2014 ).
We found that the odds of myopia were 41% less in subjects with >9 hr of sleep compared with those with <5 hr of sleep after adjusting for sex, age, education levels, economic status, height and physical activity (p = 0
An average sleep stage in the present research was 7.step one time/big date, that’s less than the recommended period getting kids. The united states National Bed Base suggests 8.5–9.2 time off sleep (Carskadon ainsi que al. 2001 ). Korean adolescents have been proven to has actually persistent bed deprivation compared on the co-worker in other countries (Yang mais aussi al. 2005 ), and another you are able to factor for it in search of ‘s the high-intensity out-of knowledge in Korea. During the Korea, secondary school and senior school begin from the around eight:00–8:31 and you will stop in the –. Moreover, of many Korean kids sit-in individual educational associations, usually up to – (Yang mais aussi al. 2005 ). These types of manner feel such as for instance marked from the retirement and are also consistent with the abilities gotten for the bed cycle. The results of your own present data imply that chronic sleep starvation inside Korean teenagers is regarding the very high frequency regarding myopia in Korea.
Highest myopia wasn’t for the sleep stage in linear and logistic regression analyses in today’s investigation, after changes to possess covariates. This might recommend that sleep starvation only impacts brand new start of myopia rather than the following evolution in order to high myopia, perhaps exhibiting that process into growth of myopia is distinct from compared to the development so you can high myopia. For example, the newest relevant items having myopia and you will highest myopia had been various other when you look at the this research. Whereas the risk affairs to own myopia was indeed sleep course, age, peak and you may economic updates, the danger factors to own high myopia was indeed female intercourse and you will peak. This dichotomy ranging from myopia onset and you may advancement has also been said various other education (Jones-Jordan et al. 2012 ; Wu ainsi que al. 2013 ). Next scientific studies are hence wanted to see this new biologic components and chance products active in the development of myopia and you will large myopia, nevertheless is going to be detailed that French mais aussi al. ( 2013 ) keeps contended that this could be an analytical problem with the the new narrow range of behavioral adaptation noticed in myopic students and you to definitely studies into the regular and you will regional differences in progression rate recommend that the close work and you will big date outdoors ; Fujiwara mais aussi al. 2012 ; Cui et al. 2013 ).